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Description |
Lot 201 |
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1856 (Mar. 31) New Bedford Ms. to Paris, France, buff envelope bearing 5¢ red brown (12) bright rich color, large even margins, tied by red "New Bedford Mass Paid Mar 31" c.d.s. and matching grid cancellation, red "New-York Br. Pkt. Apr 2" exchange office c.d.s., carried on the Cunard Line steamer Persia, which departed New York on April 2 and arrived at Liverpool on April 12, red Liverpool "14 AP 1856" (backstamp) transit, "Etats-Unis. Paq. Brit. A. Calais 11 Avril 56" entry c.d.s. with matching "13" (décimes) due handstamp, reverse with "Paris Poste Restante 15 Avril 56" receiver; 5¢ has trivial scissor cut at lower left, Extremely Fine and choice. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 52, fig. 6-2.
Estimate 3,000 - 4,000
AN EXCEPTIONAL FIRST MONTH USAGE OF IMPECCABLE QUALITY.
Expertization: 1995 P.F. Certificate.
Provenance: Haas, Sevenoaks
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Lot 202 |
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1856 (Jul. 10) New York N.Y. to Rouen, France, blue folded cover bearing 5¢ red brown (12) large to enormous margins, part of adjacent stamp at left, tied by "New York '18' Jul 10" exchange office debit c.d.s., endorsed "Pr America", carried on the Collins Line steamer Baltic, which departed New York on July 19 and arrived at Liverpool on July 30, red Liverpool "1856 JY 30" transit backstamp, handled as a normal British open mail usage in France with "Etats-Unis. Paq. Brit. A. Calais 31 Juil. 56" entry c.d.s. and matching "13" (décimes) due handstamp, reverse with arrival backstamp; file fold with tiny separation, Very Fine, altough carried by the American Collins packet, the cover was handled by France as the 5¢ British Open mail rate via British packet, plus 13 décimes due for postage from England to France . Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 80, no. 3.
Estimate 2,000 - 3,000
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Lot 203 |
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1856 (Jul. 15) New York N.Y. to Trie sur Baise, France, blue folded letter and printed circular, bearing 5¢ red brown (12) rich color, an enormous bottom right corner sheet margin copy, also with portion of adjacent stamp at top, tied by red grid and black "New-York Jul 15" c.d.s., red "New-York Br. Pkt. Jul 15" exchange office c.d.s., transferred to Boston for the Cunard Line steamer Canada, which departed on July 16 and arrived at Liverpool on July 26, red British "28 JY 1856" transit backstamp, "Etats-Unis. Paq. Brit. A. Calais 28 Juil. 56" French entry with manuscript "13" re-rated to "26" (décimes) due for double-weight, various manuscript ratings, Extremely Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 80, no. 4.
Estimate 10,000 - 15,000
AN EXCEPTIONAL USAGE BEARING A STUPENDOUS CORNER MARGIN 1856 5¢.
Expertization: Signed Stanley Ashbrook.
Provenance: Klein
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Lot 204 |
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1856 (Jul. 20) New Orleans La. to Paris, France, blue folded cover bearing 5¢ red brown (12) rich color, full to large margins, tied by variant "New Orleans LA. Jul 20" c.d.s., red "New-York Br. Pkt. Jul 29" exchange office c.d.s., transferred to Boston for the Cunard Line steamer Niagara, which departed on July 30 and arrived at Liverpool on August 11, Liverpool "AU-11 1856" backstamp, "Etats-Unis. Paq. Brit. A. Calais 12 Aout 56" entry c.d.s. with "26" (décimes) double-weight due handstamp, reverse with "Paris Aout 56" arrival c.d.s., two vertical file folds, Very Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 80, no. 5.
Estimate 2,000 - 3,000
A FINE STRIKE OF THE VARIANT NEW ORLEANS C.D.S.
Provenance: Hubbard
The New Orleans variant c.d.s. was a larger diameter circle with double dots below "La" abbreviation and was in use for a very short period of time.
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Lot 205 |
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1856 (Jul. 21) New Orleans La. to Chalons sur Saone, France, folded letter bearing 5¢ red brown (12) two singles, deep rich color, both with ample to large margins, except right stamp just touching at top, tied by "New Orleans La. Jul 21" c.d.s., red "New-York Br. Pkt. Jul 29" exchange office c.d.s., transferred to Boston for the Cunard Line steamer Niagara, which departed on July 30 and arrived at Liverpool on August 11, Liverpool "AU-11 1856" transit backstamp, "Etats-Unis. Paq. Brit. A. Calais 12 Aout 56" transit with "26" (décimes) double-weight due handstamp, "Chalons S. Saone 12 Aout 56" arrival backstamp; both 5¢ with tiny corner creasing at upper left and some extra gum at stamp edges, tiny edge fault, Very Fine, double the 5¢ British Open mail rate via British packet, plus 26 décimes due for double-weight postage from England to France. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 81, no. 6.
Estimate 5,000 - 7,500
Provenance: Kapiloff
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Lot 206 |
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1856 (Aug. 3) New Orleans La. to Paris, France, blue folded cover bearing 5¢ red brown (12) rich color, large even margins, tied by variant "New Orleans LA. Aug 3" c.d.s., red "New-York Br. Pkt. Aug 12" exchange office c.d.s., transferred to Boston for the Cunard Line steamer Arabia, which departed on August 13 and arrived at Liverpool on August 25, red Liverpool "26 AU 1856" backstamp, "Etats-Unis. Paq. Brit. A. Calais 26 Aout 56" entry c.d.s. with matching "13" (décimes) due handstamp, reverse with indistinct Paris arrival c.d.s.; small cover tear and tiny marginal paper loss, 5¢ tiny crease, Very Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 81, no. 7.
Estimate 2,000 - 3,000
A VERY FINE STRIKE OF THE VARIANT NEW ORLEANS C.D.S.
Expertization: 1957 A. Brun Certificate.
Provenance: Hubbard
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Lot 207 |
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1856 (Aug. 16) New Orleans La. to Bordeaux, France via New York forwarder, folded letter with dateline, bearing 5¢ red brown (12) large margins to close at bottom, part of adjacent stamp at right, tied by black grid cancellation leaving portrait clear, red "Forwarded by John Derand & Co. New York" forwarder's oval, entered the mails with red "New-York Br. Pkt. Aug 26" exchange office c.d.s., transferred to Boston for the Cunard Line steamer Canada, which departed on August 27 and arrived at Liverpool on September 7, red Liverpool "8 SP 1856" transit backstamp, "Etats-Unis. Paq. Brit. A. Calais 8 Sept. 56" entry c.d.s. with matching "13" (décimes) due handstamp, French backstamps including "Bordeaux 10 Sept. 56" arrival c.d.s.; 5¢ stamp lifted and replaced, small corner crease and ink mark, light overall toning and age spots, Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 81, no. 8.
Estimate 5,000 - 7,500
ONE OF TWO RECORDED 1856 5¢ USAGES BEARING A FORWARDER CACHET.
Expertization: 1979 P.F. Certificate.
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Lot 208 |
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1856 (Aug. 25) New Orleans La. to Paris, France, blue folded letter bearing 5¢ red brown (12) vivid color, four large even margins, tied by "New Orleans La. Aug 25" c.d.s., red "New-York Br. Pkt Sep 3" exchange office c.d.s., carried on the Cunard Line steamer Africa, which departed New York on September 3 and arrived at Liverpool on September 14, red Liverpool "15 SP 1856" backstamp, "Etats-Unis. Paq. Brit. A. Calais 15 Sept 56" entry c.d.s. with matching "26" (décimes) double-weight due handstamp, "Paris 16 Sept 56" arrival backstamp, Very Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 81, no. 9.
Estimate 2,000 - 3,000
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Lot 209 |
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1856 (Sep. 8) New Orleans La. to Nantes, France, blue folded letter and prices current with blue New Orleans merchant cachet, bearing 5¢ red brown (12) deep rich color, large even margins, tied by "New Orleans La. Sep 8" c.d.s., red "New-York Br. Pkt. Sep 17" exchange office c.d.s., carried on the Cunard Line steamer Persia, which departed New York on September 17 and arrived at Liverpool on September 27, red Liverpool "29 SP 1856", "Etats-Unis. Paq. Brit. A. Calais 30 Sept. 56" entry c.d.s. with "13" (décimes) due handstamp, reverse with French transits including partial "Nantes 1 Oct. 56" arrival c.d.s., minor ink erosion in address and corner wear, Very Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 81, no. 10.
Estimate 2,000 - 3,000
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Lot 210 |
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1856 (Sep. 11) Galveston, Tex. to Nantes, France, blue folded cover bearing 5¢ red brown (12) lovely deep color, ample to large margins irregularly cut in shape of parallelogram, tied by boldly struck "Galveston Tex. Sep 11 1856" c.d.s., red "New-York Br. Pkt. Sep 23" exchange office c.d.s., transferred to Boston for the Cunard Line steamer Arabia, which departed on September 24 and arrived at Liverpool on October 4, red Liverpool "6 OC 1856" transit backstamp, "Etats-Unis. Paq. Brit. A. Calais 6 Oct. 56" entry c.d.s. (tying stamp) with matching "13" (décimes) due handstamp, French backstamps including "Nantes 7 Oct. 56" arrival c.d.s.; erosion along file fold reinforced and address restored, refolded at top, Very Fine appearing. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 81, no. 12.
Estimate 5,000 - 7,500
A RARE 1856 5¢ USAGE FROM TEXAS WITH FEWER THAN SIX RECORDED.
Provenance: Grunin
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Lot 211 |
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1856 (Sep. 14) New Orleans La. to Paris, France, blue folded letter bearing 5¢ red brown (12) large even margins, tied by "New Orleans La. Sep 14" c.d.s., red "New-York Br. Pkt. Sep 23" exchange office c.d.s., transferred to Boston for the Cunard Line steamer Arabia that departed on Septemer 24 and arrived in Liverpool on October 4, red Liverpool "6 OC 1856" transit backstamp, "Etats-Unis Paq. Brit. A. Calais 6 Oct. 56" entry c.d.s. with matching "13" (décimes) handstamp, crossed out in manuscript and re-rated "26" for double-weight, reverse with "Paris 7 Oct. 56" arrival c.d.s.; some light toning affecting the stamp, Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 53, fig. 6-3.
Estimate 2,000 - 3,000
Expertization: 1983 P.F. certificate.
Provenance: Reed
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Lot 212 |
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1856 (Nov. 10) New Orleans La. to Altkirch, Alsace, France, folded cover, bearing 5¢ red brown (12) deep rich color, three large margins, just clear at top, red "New-York Br. Pkt. Nov 17" exchange office c.d.s., transferred to Boston for the Cunard Line steamer Canada, which departed on November 19 and arrived at Liverpool on December 1, red Liverpool "1 DE 1856" transit backstamp, incorrect "Etats-Unis. Paq. Am. A. Calais 2 Dec. 56" American packet entry c.d.s. and "8" (décimes) due handstamp, re-rated in manuscript to "16" and finally to the proper single-weight "13" (décimes) for British packets, various French transits on reverse and "Altkirch 3 Dec. 56" arrival c.d.s.; 5¢ with upper corner creasing, cover faults including splitting at folds and missing lower back panel, Very Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 82, no. 17.
Estimate 2,000 - 3,000
Expertization: 1998 Holcombe and 1999 van der Linden Certificates.
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Lot 213 |
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1856 (Nov. 17) New Orleans La. to Pontay, France, blue folded letter bearing 5¢ red brown (12) deep rich color, large margins, tied by "New Orleans La. Nov 17" c.d.s., red "New-York Br. Pkt. Nov 26" exchange office c.d.s., carried on the Cunard Line steamer Europa, which departed New York on November 26 and arrived at Liverpool on December 8, red Liverpool "9 DE 1856" transit, "Etats-Unis. Paq. Brit. A. Calais 9 Dec. 56" entry c.d.s. with "13" (décimes) due handstamp, reverse with French transit and "Schirmeck 11 Dec. 56" arrival mark; slightly refolded at top, Extremely Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 82, no. 18.
Estimate 5,000 - 7,500
Expertization: 1981 P.F. Certificate.
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Lot 214 |
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1856 (Dec. 3) New Orleans La. to Cognac, France, folded cover with wine importer's "belt buckle" albino-embossed corner card, bearing 5¢ red brown (12) rich color, large margins, tied by "New Orleans La. Dec 3" c.d.s., red "New-York Br. Pkt. Dec 10" exchange office c.d.s., carried on the Cunard Line steamer Persia, which departed New York on December 10 and arrived at Liverpool on December 20, Liverpool "DE -20 1856" transit backstamp, "Etats-Unis. Paq. Brit. A. Calais 21 Dec. 56" entry c.d.s. (tying stamp) with matching "13" (décimes) due handstamp, reverse with various French transits and "Cognac 22 Dec 56" arrival c.d.s., address restored and top edge strengthened, a Very Fine and rare usage with a wine merchant corner card. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 83, no. 20.
Estimate 2,000 - 3,000
Expertization: 1988 P.F. Certificate.
Provenance: Grunin
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Lot 215 |
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1856 (Dec. 5) New Orleans La. to Bordeaux, France, immaculate cover bearing 5¢ red brown (12) bottom sheet margin pair, rich color, large margins on all sides including enormous sheet margin at bottom, cancelled by "New Orleans La. Dec 5" c.d.s., red "New-York Br. Pkt. Dec 16" exchange office c.d.s., transferred to Boston for the Cunard Line steamer Arabia, which departed on December 17 and arrived at Liverpool on December 28, red Liverpool "29 DE 1856" transit backstamp, "Etats-Unis. Paq. Brit. A. Calais 30 Dec. 56" entry c.d.s. with matching "13" (décimes) due handstamp uprated in manuscript to "26", reverse with various French transits and "Bordeaux 30 Dec. 56" arrival c.d.s., absolutely Superb, double the 5¢ British Open mail rate via British packet, plus 26 décimes due for double-weight postage from England to France. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 54, fig. 6-4.
Estimate 150,000 - 200,000
ONE OF THE GREATEST COVERS BEARING UNITED STATES IMPERFORATE ISSUES.
Expertization: 2005 P.F. Certificate.
Provenance: Caspary, Gore
When this cover was sold in the renowned Caspary sale, it was described as "One of the most beautiful items of a collection in which beauty abounds".
Carried by the last sailing prior to the three months period.
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Lot 216 |
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1856 (Dec. 17) New Orleans La. to Chalons sur Saone, France, folded letter bearing 5¢ red brown (12) large even margins, tied by "New Orleans La. Dec 7" c.d.s., red "New-York Br. Pkt. Dec 16" exchange office c.d.s., transferred to Boston for the Cunard Line steamer Arabia, which departed on December 17 and arrived at Liverpool on December 28, red Liverpool "29 DE 1856" transit backstamp, "Etats-Unis. Paq. Brit. A. Calais 30 Dec. 56" entry c.d.s. with matching "13" (décimes) due handstamp, "Chalons S. Saone 31 Dec. 56" arrival backstamp; address reinked, tiny cover tear along fold, Very Fine appearance. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 83, no. 21.
Estimate 2,000 - 3,000
THE LAST SAILING PRIOR TO THE THREE-MONTH PERIOD.
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Lot 217 |
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1856 (Mar. 27) New Bedford Ms. to Paris, France, envelope bearing 5¢ red brown (12)deep bright color, ample to large margins, 3¢ brownish carmine (11) two singles and 10¢ green type III (15), margins to cutting, tied by red grid cancellations, matching "New Bedford Mass Paid Mar 27" c.d.s., red "New-York Am. Pkt. Mar 29" exchange office c.d.s., carried on the Collins Line steamer Ericsson, which departed from New York on March 29 and arrived at Liverpool on April 12, red Liverpool "14 AP 1856" transit backstamp, "Etats-Unis-Paq. Am. A. Calais 14 Avril 56" entry c.d.s. with matching "8" (décimes) due handstamp, reverse with "Paris Poste Restante 15 Avril 56" receiver; partial backflap, ending in two small edge tears, a Very Fine and choice usage. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 55, fig. 6-5.
Estimate 20,000 - 30,000
THE EARLIEST TRANSATLANTIC 1856 5¢ USAGE AND A COLORFUL COVER WITH GREAT EYE APPEAL.
Expertization: 1977 and 1998 P.F. Certificates.
Provenance: Rohloff, Gallagher, Sevenoaks
During the period that the 21¢ rate was in effect, there was also a 20-cent rate for carriage by Havre Line packet, or American packet directly to Le Havre. Many senders prepaid 21¢ so their letters could be carried by whichever of the two lines was departing earlier. Many of the covers that were prepaid 21 cents were actually carried by the Havre Line.
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Lot 218 |
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1856 (Apr. 5) New York N.Y. to Limoges, France, green folded letter with "Per Fulton" endorsement, bearing 5¢ red brown (12) large margins with left sheet margin, just tied by red grid cancellation, matching "New-York Am. Pkt. Apr 5" exchange office c.d.s., carried on the Havre Line steamer Fulton, which left New York on April 5 and arrived at Havre on April 19, red "Outre-Mer Le Harve 19 Avril 56" entry c.d.s. with "6" (décimes) due marking, French backstamps including "Limoges 24 Avril 56" arrival c.d.s., Extremely Fine, accepted 15¢ short payment of the 20¢ direct American packet rate, plus 6 décimes due for French inland postage. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 80, no. 1.
Estimate 5,000 - 7,500
Provenance: Weill Bros.
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Lot 219 |
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1856 (Sep. 8) Donaldsonville La. to Nantes, France, blue folded cover bearing 5¢ red brown (12) block of four deep color, large margins to cut in, used with 1¢ blue type II (7) large margins to just touched, sheet margin at left, tied by "Donaldsonville La. Sep 8" c.d.s and grid cancellations, red "New-York Am. Pkt. Sep 20" exchange office c.d.s., carried on the Havre Line steamer Fulton, which left New York on September 20 and arrived at Havre on October 3, red "Outre-Mer Le Harve 3 Oct. 56" entry c.d.s. with manuscript "12" (décimes) due rating, French backstamps; block with small faults, 1¢ with gum soaks, light toning along file folds which affects the lower edge of the block, Fine, prepayment of 21¢ for any service to France, handled via the 20¢ direct American packet rate, plus double-weight 12 décimes due (7.5 to 15 grams) for French inland postage. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 57, fig. 6-7.
Estimate 75,000 - 100,000
THE ONLY RECORDED INTACT FRANKING BEARING AN 1856 5¢ BLOCK, AND THE ONLY BLOCK ON COVER TO FRANCE.
Expertization: Signed Stanley B. Ashbrook, 1993 P.F. Certificate.
Provenance: Hill, Wunderlich, Grunin, Ishikawa
Written up and photographed in Special Service Issue 1, Stanley Ashbrook, 1951, p. 3 and photograph No.3.
Illustrated in The United States Five Cent Stamps of 1856-1861, Henry W. Hill, 1955, p. 13, fig. 13.
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Lot 220 |
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1856 (Nov. 8) New Orleans La. to Pontay, France, blue folded letter endorsed "Per First Steamer", bearing 5¢ red brown (12) horizontal strip of three and single, wonderfully rich color, large to huge margins, central stamp in strip close but clear at bottom, tied by "New Orleans La. Nov 8" circular datestamps, blue New Orleans merchant handstamp, red "New-York Am. Pkt. Nov 15" exchange office c.d.s, carried on the Havre Line steamer Fulton, which left New York on November 17 and arrived at Havre on December 1, red "Outre-Mer Le Harve Dec 56" entry c.d.s. with matching "6" (décimes) due handstamp, French backstamps including "Nantes 3 Dec. 56" transit; faint cover toning, Very Fine, the 20¢ direct American packet rate, plus 6 décimes due for French inland postage. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 56, fig. 6-6.
Estimate 40,000 - 50,000
THE ONLY RECORDED 1856 5¢ USAGE CORRECTLY PRE-PAYING THE 20¢ DIRECT AMERICAN PACKET RATE.
Expertization: 1993 P.F. Certificate.
Provenance: Brown, Knapp, Ishikawa
This letter was prepaid with 20 cents in postage and, although endorsed to be sent by "first Steamer," it was prepaid only enough to be carried by the Havre Line steamer. The Havre Line steamer was, in fact, the next steamer departing.
Illustrated in The United States Five Cent Stamps of 1856-1861, Henry W. Hill, 1955, p. 18, fig. 22.
Illustrated in The United States Postage Stamps of the 19th Century, Lester G. Brookman, Vol. 1, 1966, p. 152, fig. 227.
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Lot 221 |
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1856 (Nov. 30) New Orleans La. to Paris, France, folded letter bearing 5¢ red brown (12) four singles, resplendent color, varying margins from huge to just cutting, one a record example, three with large margins to cutting, other with huge margins, and 1¢ blue type II (7) large margins to cutting, all tied by lightly struck "New Orleans La. Nov 30" circular datestamps, red "New-York Am. Pkt. Dec 12" exchange office c.d.s., carried on the Havre Line steamer Arago, which left New York on December 13 and arrived at Havre on December 27, red "Outre-Mer Le Harve 27 Dec 56" entry c.d.s. with manuscript "12" (décimes) double-weight due rating, reverse with French transits including "Paris 27 Dec. 56" arrival c.d.s.; light toning, 1¢ moved slightly to show full extent of margins on 5¢ light toning, Very Fine, prepayment of 21¢ for any service to France, handled via the 20¢ direct American packet rate, plus double-weight 12 décimes due (7.5 to 15 grams) for French inland postage. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 58, fig. 6-8.
Estimate 30,000 - 40,000
Provenance: Caspary, Rust
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Lot 222 |
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1856 (Dec. 8) New Orleans La. to Mulhouse, France, folded cover bearing 5¢ red brown (12) ample to huge margins including portion of adjacent stamp at top, tied by "New Orleans Dec 8" c.d.s., red "New-York Br. Pkt. Dec 24" exchange office c.d.s., red Liverpool "5 JA 1857" transit backstamp, "Etats-Unis Paq. Brit. A. Calais 6 Janv. 57" entry c.d.s. with framed "G B / 1F 60C" debit and "8" (décimes) due handstamps, French backstamps including "Mulhouse 8 Janv. 57" arrival c.d.s., small cover faults and restoration, Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 62, fig. 6-9.
Estimate 2,000 - 3,000
Carried on the first sailing of British packet service during the Three-Months Period.
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Lot 223 |
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1856 (Dec. 15) New Orleans La. to Nimes, France, buff cover bearing 5¢ red brown (12) large to huge margins with portions of two adjacent stamps, tied by "New Orleans La. Dec 15" c.d.s., red "New-York Br. Pkt. Dec 24" exchange office c.d.s., red Liverpool "5 JA 1857" backstamp, "Etats-Unis Paq. Brit. A. Calais 6 Janv. 57" entry c.d.s. with framed "G B / 1F 60C" debit and "8" (décimes) due handstamp, reverse with "Nimes 8 Janv. 57" arrival c.d.s., soiled and edge worn, opened at two sides, Fine appearing with a Very Fine stamp.
Estimate 2,000 - 3,000
Provenance: Klein
Carried on the first sailing of British packet service during the Three-Months Period.
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Lot 224 |
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1856 (Dec. 22) New Orleans La. to Paris, France, blue folded letter bearing 5¢ red brown (12) large margins to just touching at bottom, tied by "New Orleans La. Dec 22" c.d.s., red "New-York Br. Pkt. Dec 30" exchange office c.d.s., Liverpool "JA-13 1857" transit backstamp, "Etats-Unis Paq. Brit. A. Calais 14 Janv. 57" entry c.d.s. with framed "G B / 1F 60C" debit and "16" (décimes) double-weight due handstamps, reverse with partial Paris arrival c.d.s.; 5¢ with tiny marginal corner creases, Very Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 62, fig. 6-10.
Estimate 2,000 - 3,000
Carried on the second sailing of British packet service during the Three-Months Period.
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Lot 225 |
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1856 (Dec. 29) New Orleans La. to Paris, France, blue folded letter bearing 5¢ red brown (12) full to large margins, tied by "New Orleans La. Dec 29" c.d.s., red "New-York Br. Pkt. Jan 7" exchange office c.d.s., red Liverpool "19 JA 1857" transit backstamp, "Etats-Unis Paq. Brit. A. Calais 19 Janv. 57" entry c.d.s. with framed "G B / 1F 60C" debit and "16" (décimes) double-weight due handstamps, reverse with "Paris 20 Janv. 57" arrivial c.d.s.; Very Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 83, no. 22.
Estimate 2,000 - 3,000
Carried on the third sailing of British packet service during the Three-Months Period.
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Lot 226 |
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1857 (Jan. 4) New Orleans La. to Massevaux, France, blue folded cover bearing 5¢ red brown (12) large even margins, tied by "New Orleans La. Jan 4" c.d.s., red "New-York Br. Pkt. Jan 13" exchange office c.d.s., red Liverpool "26 JA 1857" transit backstamp, "Etats-Unis Paq. Brit. A. Calais 27 Janv. 57" entry c.d.s. with framed "G B / 1F 60C" debit and "8" (décimes) due handstamps, reverse with various French transits and "Massevaux 28 Janv. 57" arrival c.d.s.; tiny patch in address, wear on horizontal fold, Very Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 83, no. 23.
Estimate 2,000 - 3,000
Carried on the fourth sailing of British packet service during the Three-Months Period.
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Lot 227 |
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1857 (Jan. 13) New Orleans La. to Le Havre, France, blue folded letter bearing 5¢ red brown (12) deep rich color, ample to large margins, tied by "New Orleans La. Jan 13 1857" c.d.s., endorsed "Per Asia", red "New-York Br. Pkt. Feb 4" exchange office c.d.s. and matching "Too Late" straightline postmark, red Liverpool "14 FE 1857" transit backstamp, "Angl. Amb. Calais 15 Fevr. 57" entry c.d.s. with framed "G B / 1F 60C" debit and "8" (décimes) due handstamps, reverse with various French transits and "Havre 16 Fevr. 57" arrival c.d.s.; filing crease and toning, tiny edge tear, 5¢ with trivial marginal corner crease, Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 63, fig. 6-11.
Estimate 5,000 - 7,500
AUXILIARY MARKINGS ON 5¢ 1856 COVERS ARE RARE. THIS IS THE ONLY RECORDED "TOO LATE" MARKING.
Expertization: 1989 P.F. Certificate.
Provenance: Hubbard
The "Too Late" handstamp was applied in New York due to a postal delay causing the cover to miss the Asia as endorsed. It was carried on the seventh sailing of British packet service during the Three-Months Period.
Written up and illustrated in "Too Late", Walter Hubbard, The Chronicle 71, August 1971.
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Lot 228 |
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1857 (Jan. 31) New Orleans La. to Chalons sur Saone, France, blue folded letter bearing 5¢ red brown (12) deep bright color, three large to gigantic margins including adjacent stamps at sides, bottom just touching, tied by "New Orleans La. Jan 31 1857" c.d.s., red "New-York Br. Pkt. Feb 10" exchange office c.d.s., red Liverpool "23 FE 1857" transit backstamp, "Angl. Amb. Calais 23 Fevr. 57" entry c.d.s. with framed "G B / 1F 60C" debit and "8" (décimes) due handstamps, reverse with "Chalon-S-Saone 25 Fevr. 57" arrivial c.d.s.; filing fold, 5¢ with small corner crease in upper right margin only, Very Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 83, no. 24.
Estimate 2,000 - 3,000
Expertization: 1989 P.F. Certificate.
Carried on the eighth sailing of British packet service during the Three-Months Period.
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Lot 229 |
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1857 (Feb. 10) New Orleans La. to Nantes, France, blue folded cover bearing 5¢ red brown (12) large margins including part of adjacent stamp at right, used with 1¢ blue type II (7) pair, mostly large margins, cutting at bottom and right, and 3¢ deep brownish carmine (11) clear to large margins, tied together by bold grids and "New Orleans Feb. 10" c.d.s., red "New-York Br. Pkt. Feb 18" exchange office c.d.s., red Liverpool "3 MR 1857" transit backstamp, "Angl. Amb. Calais 3 Mars. 57" entry c.d.s. with framed "G B / 1F 60C" debit and "8" (décimes) due handstamps, re-rated to "16" in manuscript, reverse with additional "Paris à Brodeaux 4 Mars 57" transit; horizontal file fold, Very Fine, double the 5¢ British open mail rate per ½ ounce via British packet, plus double-weight 16 décimes due (7.5 to 15 grams) for postage from England to France. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 65, fig. 6-13.
Estimate 50,000 - 75,000
THE MOST STRIKING COVER OF THE "THREE-MONTHS" PERIOD WITH A FABULOUS THREE COLOR FRANKING.
Provenance: Baker, Waterhouse, Grunin
Carried on the ninth sailing of British packet service during the Three-Months Period.
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Lot 230 |
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1857 (Feb. 17) New Orleans La. to Paris, France, blue folded cover bearing 5¢ red brown (12) deep rich color, large to huge margins, including portions of adjacent stamps at right and bottom, tied by "New Orleans Feb. 17" c.d.s., reverse with black "Boston Br. Pkt. 25 Feb." exchange office c.d.s. and red British "9 MR 1857" transit, "Angl. Amb. Calais 10 Mars. 57" entry c.d.s. with framed "G B / 1F 60C" debit and "8" (décimes) due handstamps, reverse with additional "Paris 10 Mars 57" arrival c.d.s.; Extremely Fine and fresh. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 84, no. 25.
Estimate 3,000 - 4,000
Carried on the tenth sailing of British packet service during the Three-Months Period.
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Lot 231 |
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1857 (Feb. 23) New Orleans La. to Bordeaux, France, blue folded letter with embossed merchants cachet, bearing 5¢ red brown (12) ample to large margins, tied by boldly struck "New Orleans La. Feb 23" c.d.s. and red "New-York Br. Pkt. Mar 4" exchange office c.d.s., red Liverpool "17 MR 1857" backstamp, "Angl. Amb. Calais 17 Mars 57" entry c.d.s. with framed "G B / 1F 60C" debit and "8" (décimes) due handstamps, reverse with French transit and "Bordeaux 19 Mars 57" arrival c.d.s., front panel with small tear in cachet and erosion in address, Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 84, no. 26.
Estimate 2,000 - 3,000
Provenance: Eno
Carried on the eleventh sailing of British packet service during the Three-Months Period.
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Lot 232 |
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1857 (Mar. 2) New Orleans La. to Nantes, France, blue folded letter bearing 5¢ red brown (12) horizontal pair, margins at sides, bottom and top cut in, tied by "New Orleans La. Mar. 2" c.d.s., red "New-York Br. Pkt. Mar 10" exchange office c.d.s., red Liverpool "24 MR 1857" transit backstamp, "Angl. Amb. Calais 24 Mars. 57" entry c.d.s. with framed "G B / 1F 60C" debit handstamp and manuscript "16" (décimes) due uprated to "24", reverse with French transit and "Nantes 25 Mars 57" arrival c.d.s.; erosion in horizontal file fold, a Very Fine usage, double the 5¢ British open mail rate per ½ ounce via British packet, plus triple-weight 24 décimes due (15 to 22.5 grams) for postage from England to France. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 65, fig. 6-14.
Estimate 5,000 - 7,500
THE ONLY RECORDED 1856 5¢ PAIR PAYING THE DOUBLE RATE DURING THE THREE-MONTHS PERIOD.
Provenance: Hubbard
Carried on the twelfth sailing of British packet service during the Three-Months Period.
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Lot 233 |
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1857 (Mar. 1) New Orleans La. to Marseilles, France, blue folded cover bearing 5¢ red brown (12) ample to large margins, tied by "New Orleans La. Mar 1 1857" c.d.s., partial "New-York Br. Pkt." exchange office c.d.s., red Liverpool "30 MR 1857" backstamp, "Angl. Amb. Calais 30 Mars 57" entry c.d.s. with framed "G B / 1F 60C" debit and "8" (décimes) due handstamps, reverse with French transits, paper loss from ink erosion in address, Very Fine and choice. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 84, no. 27.
Estimate 3,000 - 4,000
Provenance: Gore, Haas
Carried on the thirteenth sailing of British packet service during the Three-Months Period.
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Lot 234 |
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1857 (Mar. 9) New Orleans La. to Paris, France, blue folded cover bearing 5¢ red brown (12) ample to large margins, tied by "New Orleans La. Mar. 9 1857" c.d.s., red "New-York Br. Pkt. Mar 18" exchange office c.d.s., red Liverpool "30 MR 1857" transit backstamp, "Angl. Amb. Calais 30 Mars. 57" entry c.d.s. with framed "G B / 1F 60C" debit and "16" (décimes) double-weight due handstamps, reverse with "Paris 31 Mars. 57" arrival; vertical file folds, Very Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 84, no. 28.
Estimate 2,000 - 3,000
Provenance: Hubbard
Carried on the thirteenth sailing of British packet service during the Three-Months Period.
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Lot 235 |
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1857 (Mar. 15) New Orleans La. to Bordeaux, France, blue folded letter written in French with blue New Orleans merchant handstamp, bearing 5¢ red brown (12) three huge margins, close at left, tied by "New Orleans La. Mar 15" c.d.s., black "Boston Br. Pkt. Mar 25" exchange office and red Liverpool "7 AP 10857" backstamps, "Angl. Amb. Calais 7 Avril 57" entry c.d.s. with framed "G B / 1F 60C" debit (both tying stamp) and "16" (décimes) double-weight due handstamps, reverse with French transit and "Bordeaux 9 Avril 57" arrival c.d.s.; some soiling and tiny edge faults, Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 84, no. 29.
Estimate 2,000 - 3,000
Provenance: Gibson, Eno, Rohloff
Carried on the fourteenth sailing of British packet service during the Three-Months Period. This was the last sailing to arrive in France prior to the introduction of the new United States-France Convention rate rate of 15¢ on April 1, 1857.
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Lot 236 |
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1857 (Mar. 17) New Orleans La. to Bordeaux, France, blue folded letter bearing 5¢ red brown (12) full to huge margins, tied by "New Orleans La. Mar. 17" c.d.s., reverse with "Boston Br. Pkt. 25 Mar" exchange office c.d.s., red Liverpool "7 AP 1857" transit backstamp, "Angl. Amb. Calais 7 Mars. 57" entry c.d.s. with framed "G B / 1F 60C" debit and "8" (décimes) due handstamps, reverse with French transits including Bordeaux Apr. 9 arrival c.d.s.; tiny edge tear, Very Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 66, fig. 6-15.
Estimate 2,000 - 3,000
Provenance: Grunin
Carried on the fourteenth sailing of British packet service during the Three-Months Period.
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Lot 237 |
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1857 (Mar. 21) New Orleans La. to Paris, France, blue folded cover bearing 5¢ red brown (12) three large margins, well clear at bottom, tied by "New Orleans La. Mar. 21 1857" c.d.s., red "New-York Br. Pkt. Apr 1" exchange office c.d.s., red Liverpool "13 AP 1857" transit backstamp, "Angl. Amb. Calais 13 Avril 57" entry c.d.s. with framed "G B / 1F 60C" debit and "16" (décimes) double-weight due handstamps, reverse with "Paris 14 Avril 57" arrival c.d.s.; light vertical file folds, Very Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 67, fig. 6-16.
Estimate 2,000 - 3,000
Carried on the fifteenth sailing of British packet service during the Three-Months Period.
The new postal convention between the United States and France became effective on April 1, 1857. However, the 5¢ British open mail rate was not discontinued even though it no longer appeared in the rate tables. The same method of accounting used during the Three Months Period, including the use of the rectangular debit handstamp, and the same French postage due rates were applied. Examples of such usages on covers that were carried on the two Cunard Line sailings of April 1 (fifteenth) and April 8 (sixteenth) are known. The recorded covers for the sailings were posted in New Orleans before the new rate was in effect on April 1.
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Lot 238 |
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1857 (Mar. 23) New Orleans La. to Paris, France, blue folded cover bearing 5¢ red brown (12) three large margins, just touching at bottom, tied by "New Orleans Mar 23 1857" c.d.s., reverse with black "Boston Br. Pkt. 8 Apr" exchange office c.d.s., red Liverpool "21 AP 1857" transit backstamp, "Angl. Amb. Calais 21 Avril 57" entry c.d.s. with framed "G B / 1F 60C" debit and "16" (décimes) double-weight due handstamps, reverse with "Paris 22 Avril. 57" arrival c.d.s.; slight toning, Very Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 84, no. 30.
Estimate 3,000 - 4,000
Expertization: Signed Stanley B. Ashbrook.
Provenance: Hubbard
Carried on the sixteenth, and last sailing of British packet service during the Three-Months Period.
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Lot 239 |
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1857 (Jan. 18) New Orleans La. to Massevaux, France, printed circular with date docketing, bearing 5¢ red brown (12) rich color, large even margins, tied by "New Orleans La. Jan. 18 1857" c.d.s., red "New-York Am. Pkt. Feb 1" exchange office c.d.s., red Liverpool "6 FE 1857" transit backstamp, "Angl. Amb. Calais 16 Fevr. 57" entry c.d.s. with oval "GB / 40C" debit and "5" décimes due handstamps, reverse with French transits and "Massevaux 18 Fevr. 57" arrival c.d.s., accepted short-payment of the 21¢ British open mail rate via American packet, plus 5 décimes due for postage from England to France. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 69, fig. 6-18.
Estimate 15,000 - 20,000
THE ONLY RECORDED 1856 5¢ USAGE DURING THE THREE-MONTHS PERIOD HANDLED BY AMERICAN PACKET.
Expertization: Signed Stanley B. Ashbrook, 1985 P.F. Certificate.
Provenance: Martin
This letter was exchanged in New York City on February 1 for carriage on the Collins Line steamer Atlantic, which departed that day and arrived at Liverpool on Frebruary 14. Although the letter was insufficiently prepaid to be carried by the 21¢ American packet rate, it was accepted and transmitted as fully prepaid. The letter entered the French mails on February 16 and received the "GB 40c" oval debit handstamp that was reserved for prepaid mails carried by American packets. The letter was rated and handstamped with a 5 décimes due marking which included the French inland postage of 4 décimes plus 1 décime for the reduced British transit postage.
Carried on the last American packet sailing during the three months period.
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Lot 240 |
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1857 (Apr. 6) New Orleans La. to Bordeaux, France, blue folded letter endorsed "Str Asia", bearing 5¢ red brown (12) large margins at sides, top and bottom close or touching, and 10¢ green type II (14) large margins, tied by "New Orleans La. Apr 6" c.d.s., red "New York 'Paid 12' Apr 15" exchange office c.d.s., carried on the Cunard Line steamer Asia, which departed New York on April 15 and arrived at Liverpool on April 28, "Et. Unis Serv. Br. A.C. 28 Avril 57" entry c.d.s., reverse with French transits and "Bordeaux 30 Avril 57" arrival c.d.s.; wear and small paper loss along folds, 5¢ some wrinkling, Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 72, fig. 6-19.
Estimate 5,000 - 7,500
A FIRST WEEK USAGE UNDER THE NEW POSTAL CONVENTION.
Provenance: Moody, Hubbard
It appears from this letter that there still may have been some confusion regarding how to implement the new convention rate. Although no postage due was to be collected on sufficiently prepaid convention mail, this cover shows a manuscript 5 decimes, the amount due for a letter received from an American packet during the Three Months Period. But the 5 decimes was changed to 8 decimes due, the amount due for a letter received from a British packet. This was an error on the part of the French office.
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Lot 241 |
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1857 (May 10) New Orleans La. to Laval, France, folded letter bearing 5¢ red brown (12) horizontal strip of three, deep rich color, large margins to cutting, tied by "New Orleans La. May 10 1857" c.d.s., red "New York 'Paid 12' May 19" exchange office c.d.s., transferred to Boston for the Cunard Line steamer Europa, which departed May 20 and arrived at Liverpool on May 31, French "Et. Unis Serv. Br. A. C. 1 Juin 57" entry c.d.s., reverse with a French transit and "Laval 2 Juin 57" arrival c.d.s.; slight gum staining affects bottom margin of right stamp, Very Fine.
Estimate 10,000 - 15,000
Expertization: Signed "S.B.A." (Stanley B. Ashbrook).
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Lot 242 |
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1857 (May 10) New Orleans La. to Paris, France, blue folded letter endorsed "Europa", bearing 5¢ red brown (12) rich color, three large margins, slightly in at right, and 10¢ green type III (15) margins to touching, tied by "New Orleans La. May 10 1857" c.d.s., red "New York 'Paid 12' May 19" exchange office c.d.s., transferred to Boston for the Cunard Line steamer Europa, which departed May 20 and arrived at Liverpool on May 31, French "Et. Unis Serv. Br. A. C. 1 Juin 57" entry c.d.s., reverse with partial arrival c.d.s., Very Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 85, no. 31.
Estimate 5,000 - 7,500
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Lot 243 |
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1857 (May 10) New Orleans La. to Paris, France, datelined folded letter bearing 5¢ red brown (12) horizontal strip of three, bright color, large to huge margins showing portions of three adjoining stamps at bottom, barely touched on other sides, tied by "New Orleans La. May 10 1857" c.d.s., red "New York 'Paid 12' May 27" exchange office c.d.s., carried on the Cunard Line steamer Asia, which departed New York on May 27 and arrived at Liverpool on June 8, French "Et. Unis Serv. Br. A. C. 9 Juin 57" entry c.d.s. with red boxed "P.D." handstamp, "Paris 9 Juin 57" arrival backstamp; lacking left and bottom flaps, filing crease in margin only between left pair, Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 73, fig. 6-20.
Estimate 10,000 - 15,000
Expertization: Signed Stanley Ashbrook.
Provenance: Tapp, Rohloff, Reed
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Lot 244 |
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1857 (May 25) New York N.Y. to Nantes, France, blue folded letter endorsed "Pr. Asia", bearing 5¢ red brown (12) dark intense shade, c;ear to large margins with portion of adjoining stamp, and 10¢ green type II (14) of equally intense color with full to large margins, tied by "New-York May 25 1857" c.d.s., red "New York 'Paid 12' May 27" exchange office c.d.s., carried on the Cunard Line steamer Asia, which departed New York on May 27 and arrived at Liverpool on June 8, French "Et. Unis Serv. Br. A. C. 9 Juin 57" entry c.d.s. with red boxed "P.D." handstamp, reverse with French transits and "Nantes 10 Juin 57" arrival c.d.s., Very Fine.
Estimate 4,000 - 5,000
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Lot 245 |
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1857 (Jun. 22) New Orleans La. to Brest, France, blue folded letter with blue merchants handstamp, bearing 5¢ red brown (12) horizontal strip of three, excellent color, ample to huge margins showing part of adjacent stamp at right, tied by "New Orleans La. Jun 22 1857" c.d.s. and red "Boston 'Paid 12' Jul 1" exchange office c.d.s., carried on the Cunard Line steamer Europa, which departed Boston on July 1 and arrived at Liverpool on July 11, black "Boston Br. Pkt. Jul 1" backstamp, French "Et. Unis Serv. Br. A. C. 13 Juin 57" entry c.d.s., reverse with a French transit and "Brest 16 Juil. 57" arrival c.d.s.; Extremely Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 74, fig. 6-22.
Estimate 15,000 - 20,000
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Lot 246 |
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1857 (Jun. 30) New Orleans La. to Brest, France, blue folded letter with blue merchants handstamp, bearing 5¢ red brown (12) three singles, partly overlapped, each with mostly large to huge margins, tied by "New Orleans La. Jun 30 1857" c.d.s., red "New York 'Paid 12' Jul 8" exchange office c.d.s., carried on the Cunard Line steamer Europa, which departed New York on July 8 and arrived at Liverpool on July 17, French "Et. Unis Serv. Br. A. C. 18 Juil 57" entry c.d.s. in red, reverse with a French transit and "Brest 21 Juil. 57" arrival c.d.s.; the right stamp tone spots, refolded at left, Very Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 85, no. 33.
Estimate 7,500 - 10,000
Expertization: 1969 P.F. certificate.
Provenance: Waterhouse
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Lot 247 |
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1857 (Jul. 7) Norwich Ct. to Paris, France, cover with "Per Steamer Persia" endorsement, bearing 5¢ red brown (12) three large margins, barely touched at top, and 10¢ green type II (14) three large margins, just in at right, tied by "Norwich Ct. Jul 6 1857" c.d.s., red "Boston 'Paid 12' Jul 7" and black "Boston Br. Pkt. Jul 7" (backstamp) exchange office datestamps, transferred to New York for on the Cunard Line steamer Persia, which departed New York on July 8 and arrived at Liverpool on July 17, red "Et. Unis Serv. Br. A.C. 18 Juil 57" entry c.d.s. (tying 5¢ stamp), reverse with "Paris 19 Juil 57" arrival c.d.s.; 10¢ with minor corner rub, right side resealed, Very Fine. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 85, no. 34.
Estimate 5,000 - 7,500
THE ONLY RECORDED 1856 5¢ USAGE FROM NORWICH CONNECTICUT.
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Lot 248 |
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1857 (Jul. 19) New Orleans La. to Bordeaux, France, blue folded cover with blue merchants handstamp, bearing 5¢ red brown (12) vertical strip of three, rich color, large margins on three sides, clear at right except cutting on top stamp, tied by "New Orleans La. Jul 19" c.d.s., red "Boston 'Paid 12' Jul 29" exchange office c.d.s., carried on the Cunard Line steamer America, which departed Boston on July 29 and arrived at Liverpool on August 10, boldly struck boxed "P. D." handstamp in black, reverse with French transits including "Bordeaux 12 Aout 57" arrival c.d.s.; trivial lower right corner crease, Very Fine and choice. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 85, no. 35.
Estimate 10,000 - 15,000
Expertization: Signed Stanley B. Ashbrook.
Provenance: Beals
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Lot 249 |
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1857 (Aug. 12) New Orleans, La. to Port Vendres, France, blue folded cover bearing 5¢ red brown (12) two horizontal strips of three, bright rich color, ample to large margins all around, tied by three strikes of "New Orleans La. Aug 12" c.d.s., red "New-York 'Paid 24' Aug 19" exchange office c.d.s., carried on the Cunard Line steamer Persia, which departed New York on August 19 and arrived at Liverpool on August 29, red French "Et. Unis Serv. Br. A. C. 31 Aout 57" entry c.d.s., reverse with various French transits and "Port-Vendres 3 Sept. 57" arrival c.d.s., one stamp with tiny tear, right stamp with corner crease in margin, file fold and edge neatly reinforced, Extremely Fine, double the 15¢ treaty rate per ¼ ounce carried by British packet. Illustrated in Frajola and Mayer, p. 73, fig. 6-21.
Estimate 100,000 - 150,000
ONE OF THE MOST HANDSOME 1856 COVERS KNOWN AND A GEM OF THE COLLECTION. THE FINEST OF THREE USAGES BEARING SIX 1856 5¢ STAMPS.
Provenance: Kapiloff
There are three recorded usages bearing six 1856 5¢ stamps comprising the block of six to Germany (lot 175), the strip of six on a restored cover to Germany, and the folded cover bearing two strips of three offered here.
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Lot 250 |
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1857 (Aug. 16) New Orleans La. to Paris, France, blue folded letter with albino embossed corner card and endorsed "Canada", bearing 5¢ red brown (12), large margins at sides, just in at top and bottom, and 10¢ green type I (13), large even margins, tied by "New Orleans La. Aug 16 1857" c.d.s., red "Boston 'Paid 12' Aug 26" and "Boston Br. Pkt. Aug 26" (backstamp) exchange office datestamps, carried on the Cunard Line steamer Canada, which departed Boston on August 26 and arrived at Liverpool on September 5, French "Et. Unis Serv. Br. A. C. 7 Sept. 57" entry c.d.s., reverse with "Paris 8 Sept. 57" arrival c.d.s.; slight edge wear and toning at bottom, small punch hole, a Very Fine and rare combination usage.
Estimate 5,000 - 7,500
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